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Salt allows users to assign machines to environments by setting in /etc/salt/minion:
environment: example
You can then execute environments for that state with the command salt '*' state.apply saltenv=example
However, it appears that the same cannot be said for an arbitrary command. Running salt '*' cmd.run 'df -h' saltenv=example will run on all minions instead of just the minions in the "example" environment. How can I run commands for only a specified environment?
The answer is that you can't directly. You have to set a grain on the minions first by doing something similar to:
salt '*' cmd.run 'grep environment /etc/salt/minion | awk "{print \"environment: \" \$2}" >> /etc/salt/grains'
salt '*' saltutil.sync_grains
salt -G environment:prod cmd.run 'df -h'
