So far as I can tell this [default][1] container works fine:

    root $ 
    root $ docker container list
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                       COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                  PORTS                               NAMES
    7b119ef62a85        mysql/mysql-server:latest   "/entrypoint.sh mysq…"   17 hours ago        Up 17 hours (healthy)   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
    root $ 
    root $ mysql -h127.0.0.1:33060 -p -uroot
    Enter password: 
    ERROR 2005 (HY000): Unknown MySQL server host '127.0.0.1:33060' (22)
    root $ 
    root $ mysql -h127.0.0.1 -p -uroot
    Enter password: 
    ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host '172.17.0.1' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server
    root $ 
    root $ docker exec -ti --user root mysql bash
    bash-4.2# 
    bash-4.2# mysql -u root -p
    Enter password: 
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 2021
    Server version: 8.0.21 MySQL Community Server - GPL
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql> 
    mysql> exit
    Bye
    bash-4.2# 
    bash-4.2# exit
    exit
    root $ 


How do I connect to the database directly from the host?  Using:



> Products Included in the Container
> 
> A number of MySQL products are included in the Docker container you
> created with the MySQL Server Docker image:
> 
>     MySQL Server and other MySQL Programs including the mysql client,mysqladmin, mysqldump, and so on. See the MySQL Reference
> Manual for documentation of the products.


although a simple console prompt acquired through `bash` from the host would be sufficient.

Rather than 
[Connecting to MySQL Server from within the Container][2]
or
[Container Shell Access][3]

I'm looking for access from the host.

---------------------
from [the][4] container:

    mysql> 
    mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
    +------------------+-----------+
    | user             | host      |
    +------------------+-----------+
    | healthchecker    | localhost |
    | mysql.infoschema | localhost |
    | mysql.session    | localhost |
    | mysql.sys        | localhost |
    | root             | localhost |
    +------------------+-----------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> 


  [1]: https://hub.docker.com/r/mysql/mysql-server/
  [2]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/docker-mysql-getting-started.html#docker-connecting-within-container
  [3]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/docker-mysql-getting-started.html#docker-shell-access
  [4]: https://devops.stackexchange.com/a/1657/23443