Is the forking git workflow used outside of open-source projects?
I have run across it a few times but every time I have seen it, it was being used in a situation where it shouldn't have been used.
The company I work for is mostly comprised of historically open source developers.
I doubt this. When I have run into teams that used forking it was because they were not experienced open-source developers. Experienced open-source developers would understand the security and isolation that forking provides and why outsiders of a project have to fork in order to contribute. They would also understand that team members of the same team working on the same codebase would be much better off working on the same repository.
When I typically see forking its either because someone set it up that way and then all the people who came afterward thought that was the correct way. I have seen this more than once working with ML teams where the ML researchers are not real developers and thought everyone needed to fork all the repos.
The other reason I have seen forking is because the company did not have any kinda CICD and they had issues with people pushing bad code to the main branch, skipping the PR process, the review process or overwriting each others code.
Is there a standard way of supporting the forking workflow, or is it just not realistic for a team to develop this way?
I had Jenkins working fine with forks? I don't remember having issues with developers creating PR's on the "main" repo and then running automation on that one repo. Maybe its the SCM you are using. I was using a private GitHub enterprise server and the Github pipeline plugin to run multibranch jobs on new PR's.
Separating into isolated forks doesn't seem to be as productive and working on a single repo together.
You have nailed it. It's not as good for collaboration as just working on a single repo.